首页|微磨粒对超声空化冲击波衰减作用研究

微磨粒对超声空化冲击波衰减作用研究

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  • 国家科技期刊平台
  • NETL
  • NSTL
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目的 研究超声加工过程中微磨粒对冲击波的影响.方法 建立功率超声振动加工下的空化泡动力学方程,以及空化泡溃灭产生冲击波的数学模型,进而建立冲击波在微磨粒与水混合介质中的传播模型.使用六阶Runge-Kutta方法对数学模型进行求解,得到空化泡半径随时间的变化规律,以及空泡内部压强随空化泡半径变化的规律.结果 当空泡半径被压缩至 1 μm左右时,空泡内部压强可达 1 000 MPa.通过对距离空泡壁1.5R0处的冲击波压力进行求解发现,冲击波的压力仅需 0.07 μs就可从初始的1 000 MPa迅速衰减至80 MPa.通过比较纯水介质与混合介质(SiO2微磨粒与水)中冲击波传播速度的结果发现,加入SiO2 微磨粒会使冲击波的最大速度由 2 976 m/s降至2 681 m/s,降低率约为 10%.通过钛钽合金的功率超声振动加工实验验证了数值结果.对比分析了加入 SiO2 微磨粒前后钛钽合金表面结构和三维表面形貌,发现微磨粒的加入导致材料表面空化坑的投影面积下降了 12.5%.结论 证实微磨粒对冲击波的传播起到了明显的衰减作用,是对材料表面产生作用的主要因素.该研究在超声加工领域具有理论意义和工程价值.
Attenuation Effect of Micro-abrasive Particles on Ultrasonic Cavitation Shock Waves
The effect of cavitation shock waves during power ultrasonic vibration machining can be produced.The presence of micro-abrasive particles can enhance the machining efficiency and impact the propagation of shock waves.The work aims to investigate the mechanism of micro-abrasive particles on shock waves during power ultrasonic vibration machining.By utilizing the Gilmore-Akulichev equation,the bubble dynamic equation under power ultrasonic vibration machining and the mathematical model of shock waves generated by the collapse of bubble were established.Subsequently,a propagation model for shock waves in the mixed medium of micro-abrasive particles and water was developed.The mathematical model was solved by the sixth-order Runge-Kutta method,providing insights into the dynamic evolution of bubble radius and the internal pressure of the bubble.The results indicated that a bubble with an initial radius of 8 μm exhibited nonlinear oscillations under the effect of the ultrasonic field.After a series of oscillations,the change in radius gradually diminished over time,indicating a convergence towards equilibrium between the pressure inside the bubble and the surrounding environment.When the bubble radius decreased from 8 μm to 3 μm,the pressure on the bubble wall remained relatively stable.Upon compression approximate to 1 μm,the internal pressure of the bubble could reach 1 000 MPa,surpassing the ambient pressure.Consequently,the cavitation bubble rebounded outward,compressing the surrounding water and generating a shock wave that propagated radially.By solving the shock wave pressure at a distance of 1.5R0 from the cavitation wall,it was found that the shock wave pressure rapidly decreased from the initial 1 000 MPa to 80 MPa within a short time of 0.07 μs,covering a propagation distance of 17 μm.Comparing the shock wave propagation speed in a pure water medium with that in a mixed medium of SiO2 micro-abrasive particles and water,it was discovered that the addition of SiO2 micro-abrasive particles reduced the maximum speed of the shock wave from 2 976 m/s to 2 681 m/s,resulting in a reduction rate of 10%.Subsequently,power ultrasonic vibration processing experiments were conducted on Ti-Ta alloy to validate the aforementioned numerical results.Through a comparative analysis of the surface structure and three-dimensional surface morphology of the Ti-Ta alloy before and after the addition of SiO2 micro-abrasive particles,it was observed that the number of cavitation pits decreased from 34 to 21.This indicated that the addition of SiO2 micro-abrasive particles reduced the occurrence of cavitation pits.The software ImageJ was utilized to measure the projected area of cavitation pits with diameter greater than 1 μm on the Ti-Ta alloy surface.The results showed that the addition of SiO2 micro-abrasive particles led to a decrease in the projected area of cavitation pits from 497.132 μm2 to 434.84 μm2,corresponding to a reduction rate of 12.5%.This reduction rate was in line with the 10% calculated by the model,demonstrating consistency.The observed discrepancy mainly arose from the uneven distribution of SiO2 micro-abrasive particles in the machining area during the machining due to factors such as gravity,resulting in varying obstacles to the shock wave.This study confirms that micro-abrasive particles effectively attenuate the propagation of shock waves and become a key factor affecting the material surface.The findings of this research hold both theoretical significance and practical value in the field of ultrasonic processing.

micro-abrasive particleshock waveSiO2ultrasonic cavitationbubble dynamicsRunge-Kutta

宫台、祝锡晶、傅迎泽、李婧

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中北大学 机械工程学院,太原 030051

微磨粒 冲击波 SiO2 超声空化 空泡动力学 Runge-Kutta

国家自然科学基金中北大学先进制造技术山西省重点实验室 2022年度开放基金山西省研究生教育创新项目中北大学第 18 届研究生科技立项

51975540XJZZ2022022022Y57720221818

2024

10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2024.03.005

表面技术
中国兵器工业第五九研究所,中国兵工学会防腐包装分会,中国兵器工业防腐包装情报网

表面技术

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：1.39
ISSN：1001-3660
年,卷(期)：2024.53(3)
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