摘要
活塞环是内燃机中重要的零部件之一,该部件的摩擦损耗占内燃机总摩擦损失的26％.因此,活塞环材料的选用及其表面处理研究对于优化提升内燃机性能、延长服役寿命具有重要意义.简单介绍并总结了内燃机活塞环常用材料及其发展趋势,详细综述了激光表面织构技术、表面涂层技术以及表面复合技术在内燃机活塞环减摩抗磨方面的研究和应用现状.其中,激光表面织构技术(LST)可起到接纳磨屑、保持油膜等作用,从而降低活塞环表面摩擦和磨损,但由于织构形貌和几何参数特征对摩擦学性能的影响较为复杂,仍需结合实际工况进一步研究并优化.以镀铬、热喷涂、气相沉积及激光熔覆为代表的涂层技术也常用于活塞环的表面强化处理,但涂层材料种类繁多,难以形成统一的行业标准进而规模应用.此外,通过合理复合多种表面处理技术,比如微弧氧化与电泳沉积复合、超声滚压与离子渗氮技术复合、磁控溅射和低温离子渗硫复合等,可实现优势互补、发挥协同作用,有效改善接触表面的摩擦性能,为活塞环的减摩增寿研究开拓了新的思路.最后对未来活塞环材料开发应用及其减摩抗磨方面的研究发展进行了展望.
Abstract
The friction, wear, and lubrication of machinery and power systems are several major characteristics that attract the attention of scholars in the field of surface engineering. As one of the important mechanical components in the internal combustion engine, the friction loss of the piston ring accounts for 26％ of the total friction loss of the internal combustion engine. Therefore, the selection of piston ring materials and their surface treatment research are of great significance for improving the performance and efficiency of internal combustion engines and extending their service life.The work aims to introduce and summarize the commonly used materials and their development trends for internal combustion engine piston rings. Currently, cast iron and steel are mainly used as production and manufacturing materials for piston rings. Due to the inherent characteristics of the materials, the research and development of new materials has always been an important topic. In addition, the focus is placed on the research status of laser surface texture technology, surface coating technology, and surface composite technology in the friction reduction and wear resistance of internal combustion engine piston rings. Among them, laser surface texture technology (LST) has good controllability and convenient processing, which can prepare micro shapes on the surface of piston rings that can accept wear debris and maintain the effect of oil film, thereby reducing surface friction and wear. At the same time, the application research progress of LST in piston ring cylinder liner is reviewed from two aspects: texture morphology characteristics and geometric parameter characteristics. As for the surface coating technology, the research on the surface strengthening treatment of piston rings represented by chromium plating, thermal spraying, vapor deposition and laser cladding is discussed. Among them, chromium plating treatment is the most common application, but the chromium plating layer is prone to fragmentation and detachment, posing great harm to human health and the environment. Secondly, thermal spraying technology represented by HVOF and APS is an important method for piston ring surface strengthening and repair. However, at present, thermal spraying coating still has defects such as pores, cracks, easy peeling, etc. In addition, the high energy consumption in the spraying process limits its popularization and application to a certain extent. Vapor deposition technology effectively improves the wear resistance of piston rings by coating them with a ceramic film, but the thickness of the film limits its load-bearing capacity. Laser cladding is a newly emerging surface engineering technology and its research and application in piston ring materials is discussed from two aspects: cladding system and process parameters. In addition, by reasonably combining a variety of surface treatment technologies, such as plasma electrolytic oxidation and electrophoretic deposition, ultrasonic rolling and ion nitriding, complementary advantages and synergistic effects can be achieved, thus effectively improving the friction performance of the contact surface, which opens up a new idea for the research on friction reduction and life extension of piston rings. Finally, some prospects are made for the development and application of piston ring materials in the future, as well as the research and development of friction reduction and wear resistance.
基金项目
国家自然科学基金(51865053)
云南省Dongyang Li院士工作站(202305AF150019)
云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2022J0499)
维普
万方数据