Research Progress of Wind Turbine Blade Ice-covering Mechanism and Anti-icing Technology
Under the goal of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality", green and clean energy plays an increasingly important role in the national energy system, accounting for an increasing proportion. For the moment, compared with other power generation methods, wind power generation has become one of the key development directions of the country because of its advantages such as wide sources of raw materials, small pollution and high power generation capacity. With the gradual increase in the scale and speed of wind farm construction and the rapid development of the wind power industry, the ensuing problem of wind turbine ice-covering has become more and more prominent. How to solve this problem effectively and efficiently has become an important factor restricting its further development. In order to solve the difficult problem of ice-covering, this article reviewed the basic theory of ice-covering for wind turbines and introduced the causes, climatic characteristics and hazards of different types of ice-covering. In addition, wind turbine ice-covering was abstracted as a model in which supercooled water droplets hit the wind turbine blades during the descent process and successfully adhered to the blades, and then conducted complex heat exchange with the blade surfaces and finally condensed into ice. The phenomenon of wind turbine icing was abstracted as a model. In the descending process, supercooled water droplets hit the wind turbine blades and attached to the blades, where they exchanged heat with the blade surfaces in a very complicated way and then condensed into ice. In the next place, the commonly used anti-icing and deicing methods for wind turbines at home and abroad were outlined. Then the advantages and disadvantages of different passive and active anti-icing and deicing techniques and their application range were analyzed and compared in detail. Superhydrophobic coatings with excellent anti-icing and deicing properties developed by researchers based on biomimicry studies have gained wide application. Active heating is currently the most direct and the most widely used method of preventing wind turbines from icing. Research cases and engineering applications show that the existing single passive or active anti-icing and deicing technology has limited anti-icing and deicing capacity, high energy consumption, low efficiency and other serious problems. A serious problem with using only superhydrophobic coatings is that ice buildup is difficult to handle once it is formed. Active heating can de-ice very directly, but it consumes high energy and wastes resources; while mechanical de-icing is low-cost but inefficient. Although active de-icing is mostly used, some of its methods are technically immature and may be developed in the future. Researchers use the combination of different anti-icing technologies and the complementarity of different methods to better meet the diversified needs of practice and solve the icing problem of wind turbines in different complex environments. This makes the combination strategy become the hot spot and focus of current research. Based on the optimization of the current anti-icing and deicing technology, the combined anti-icing and deicing technology has a good development prospect and the challenge will be gradually solved.
wind turbinebladeice-covering mechanismanti-icing and deicingcombined strategy
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