Research Progress of High-strength and Toughness Spring Steel with Corrosion Resistance and Hydrogen Embrittlement Resistance
In the international context of carbon-neutral and carbon peak policy,the long service life is the main development direction of high-strength and toughness spring steel for major engineering equipment.However,corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement of high-strength spring steel are the bottlenecks that restrict its application in complex service environments.The addition of alloying elements in spring steel can affect the corrosion resistance in many ways,and optimizing and designing the multiple microelements to construct nanoparticles can also have a good effect on hydrogen embrittlement resistance.In recent decades,researchers have made significant progress in investigating the mechanisms by which alloying elements enhance the protective properties of rust layers.However,there is still a lack of systematic reports in related fields.This paper summarizes research on the mechanism of rust layer protection in steel,with a focus on the role of Cr,Ni,and other elements in promoting the formation of dense α-FeOOH and electronegative rust layers.It also discusses the latest research progress in enhancing the protective properties of spring steel rust layer.The protective properties of the rust layer mainly affect the middle and late stages of long-term corrosion,while the early corrosion behaviour is somewhat more influenced by microstructural features.Currently,research on the impact of alloying elements on microstructure is well-established,with numerous findings on the correlation between microstructure and corrosion behaviour.However,there is a lack of systematic correlation between alloying elements,microstructure,and corrosion behaviour.This paper discusses the influence of microstructure characteristics on the early electrochemical corrosion behaviour of spring steel.It outlines the mechanism of alloying elements on corrosion behaviour through microstructure and summarizes the latest results and deficiencies in the theoretical system of this field.Finally,regarding the issue of hydrogen embrittlement caused by corrosion and hydrogen seepage during the service of high-strength spring steel,it focuses on the research of the mechanism and application progress of hydrogen trapping behaviour in deep hydrogen traps.It introduces the controversy about the hydrogen trapping position of nano-carbides in the past research results,and explains the possibility of carbon vacancies inside and on the surface of carbides and the mismatched dislocation core of interfaces to become traps.The idea of improving the hydrogen embrittlement energy of spring steel by designing carbide deep hydrogen trap is put forward.The necessary conditions for effectively improving the hydrogen embrittlement resistance of high-strength steel by carbide deep hydrogen trap are emphasized,and the latest achievements in engineering application of this method are introduced.In consideration of the intricate operational environment and the associated challenges of corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement in the practical application of high-strength spring steel,this paper systematically presents the mechanism by which alloying elements influence the corrosion resistance and hydrogen embrittlement resistance of spring steel.Drawing on key research findings from recent decades,it summarizes the relationship between alloy elements and rust layer protection,microstructure characteristics,and deep hydrogen trap,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for designing and producing high-strength,tough,long-lasting spring steel with excellent corrosion resistance and hydrogen embrittlement resistance.
spring steelnanophasedeep hydrogen trapcorrosion resistancehydrogen embrittlement resistance
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