沙葱的抗旱性特征
Drought resistant characteristics of wild Allium mongolicum
马全林 1刘世增 2严子柱 2贺访印2
作者信息
- 1. 甘肃省荒漠化防治重点实验室,甘肃省治沙研究所,甘肃,武威,733000;中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所沙坡头沙漠研究试验站,甘肃,兰州,730000
- 2. 甘肃省荒漠化防治重点实验室,甘肃省治沙研究所,甘肃,武威,733000
- 折叠
摘要
以荒漠植物霸王Zygophyllum xanthoxylum、红砂Reaumuria soon gorica和白刺Nitraria tangutorum为对照,从形态结构、生理特征及其生长特性等方面研究了沙葱Allium mongolicum的抗旱性.结果表明:沙葱对大气干旱和土壤干旱均具有较强的适应能力,能在降水量低于40 mm的地区分布生长,对降水具有较宽的生态适应幅度;在风沙土,0～15cm层土壤含水率高于(1.99±0.21)%时,沙葱生长良好;介于(0.885±0.12)%和(1.99±0.21)%之间,生长不良;低于(0.885±0.12)%.沙葱枯黄并进入休眠状态.沙葱抗旱性是多方面综合作用的结果,在形态解剖结构方面重点表現为叶肉质,克隆个体群聚形成发达须根系,富含贮水细胞,且具防失水结构;生理特性上重点表现为高组织含水率、高光合和高水分利用效率;生长发育习性上重点表现为躲避干旱期,快速捕捉有限降水和一年多次生长.研究认为沙葱并不是真正的旱生植物,而是一种典型的避旱植物.
Abstract
Compared with Zygophyllum xanthoxylum, Reaumuria soongorica and Nitraria tanguto-rum, the drought-resistant characteristics of Allium mongolicum was studied on morphological structure, physiological and growth characteristics. The results showed that A. mongolicum had quite strong ability to adapting to air and soil drought. It could settle and grow at places where precipitation was lower than 40 mm. It grew well in sand soil with more than (1. 99 ±0. 21)% soil moisture in 0-15 cm layer. If soil moisture was (0. 885±0. 12)% to (1. 99 ±0. 21) %, it could not grow very well and even worse and started dormancy under moisture lower than (0. 885±0. 12)%. From aspect of morphological and anatomical structure, it had fleshy leaves, strong fibrous root system, water-storing cells and structure preventing moisture from transpiration. Physiologically, it had high tissue water content, photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency. It could avoid drought period, chase limited precipitation, and germinate and grow several times in one year. It was concluded that Allium mongolicum wasn't a typical xerophyte, but one of the typical drought-avoidant species.
关键词
沙葱/形态结构/干旱/抗旱性/适应机制Key words
Allium mongolicum/morphological structure/drought/drought-resistance/adapting mechanism引用本文复制引用
基金项目
中国科学院"西部之光"人才培养计划()
国家星火计划(2006EA860020)
甘肃荒漠种子植物资源信息平台建设项目()
甘肃省沙漠治理技术研究创新团队项目()
出版年
2008
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
维普
万方数据