摘要
研究汉中地区水稻(Oryza sativa)-绿肥轮作制下翻压还田绿肥的腐解动态变化及养分释放特征,可为水稻-绿肥轮作生产中的水稻科学施肥提供理论依据.以紫云英(Astragalus sinicus)、毛叶苕子(Vicia villosa)、山黧豆(Lathyrus cicera)和箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)为供试材料,进行145 d的田间原位埋袋腐解试验,并定期观测4种豆科绿肥腐解变化及养分释放特征.结果表明,绿肥腐解及养分释放均表现为前期(0～14 d)快、后期(41～145 d)慢.经过145 d,紫云英、毛叶苕子、山黧豆和箭筈豌豆的累计腐解率分别为74.58％、74.17％、72.14％和72.57％,而氮、磷、钾平均累计释放率分别为85.64％、75.23％和96.22％.翻压量为22 500 kg·hm-2的紫云英、毛叶苕子、山黧豆和箭筈豌豆腐解145d后,氮素累计释放量分别为82.27、134.73、144.73和94.17 kg·hm-2,磷素累计释放量分别为14.68、21.39、21.21和17.25 kg·hm-2,钾素累计释放量分别为70.90、93.72、85.23和82.13 kg·hm-2.4种绿肥的氮、磷、钾平均累计释放量分别为113.99、18.63和83.02 kg.hm-2,可为后茬水稻提供63.33％N、20.70％P2O5和79.07％K2O.综上,紫云英、毛叶苕子、山黧豆和箭筈豌豆均适于汉中地区冬闲稻田种植,且理论化肥减量顺序为毛叶苕子≈山黧豆＞箭筈豌豆＞紫云英,此外,水稻生育前期氮和钾减施潜力较大,建议水稻季氮肥和钾肥后移施用.
Abstract
To provide a theoretical basis for the scientific fertilization of rice under rice-green manure crop rotation systems in the Hanzhong area,dynamic changes in the decomposition and nutrient release characteristics of green manure crops were studied.An in-situ bag decomposition test was carried out for 145 days in the field,and the decomposition changes and nutrient release characteristics of four legume green manure crops(Astragalus sinicus,Vicia villosa,Lathyrus cicera,and Vicia sativa)were quantified.The results showed that the decomposition and nutrient release of the green fertilizers were fast in the early stage(0～14 d)and slow in the late stage(41～145 d).After 145 days,cumulative decomposition rates of milk vetch,hairy vetch,L.quinquenervius,and common vetch were 74.58％,74.17％,72.14％,and 72.57％,respectively.The average cumulative release rates of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)were 85.64％,75.23％,and 96.22％,respectively.After 145 days of decomposition of milk vetch,hairy vetch,L.quinquenervius,and common vetch equivalent to 22500 kg·ha-1,the corresponding cumulative release amounts were 82.27,134.73,144.73,and 94.17 kg·ha-1 for N,14.68,21.39,21.21,and 17.25 kg·ha-1 for P,and 70.90,93.72,85.23,and 82.13 kg·ha-1 for K,respectively.In addition,the average cumulative N,P,and K release amounts of the four green manure crops were 113.99,18.63,and 83.02 kg·ha-1,respectively,indicating that the decomposition of green manure crops could provide 63.33％N,20.70％P2O5,and 79.07％K2O for the succeeding rice.Therefore,the four green manure crops,such as milk vetch,hairy vetch,L.quinquenervius,and common vetch,are suitable for planting as green manure crops in rice cropping system in Hanzhong area.The theoretical order of fertilizer reduction was hairy vetch ≈ L.quinquenervius＞common vetch＞milk vetch.Furthermore,Applying N and K fertilizer later due to the great potential of N and K reduction in the early stage of rice growth is recommended for manure decomposition.
基金项目
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022ZDLNY02-06)
2023年陕西省三秦英才特殊支持计划区域发展人才项目()
维普
万方数据