摘要
针对宁夏引黄灌区饲草产量低、栽培技术落后、季节性青饲料极其短缺导致草畜矛盾尖锐等现状,本研究设置了秋播饲用小黑麦(× Triticosecale Wittmack)+高丹草(Sorghum bicolor × S.sudanense)(T-SS)、饲用小黑麦+饲用高粱(S.bicolor)(T-FS)、饲用小黑麦+饲用谷子(Setaria italica)(T-FM)和饲用小黑麦+青贮玉米(Zea mays)(T-SM)4个复种模式处理,通过检测分析不同处理的生长指标、草产量、营养品质(粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维)、经济效益及土壤养分含量,旨在探明4种不同饲草复种模式的生产性能和综合效益,为该区牧草复种技术提供理论依据.结果表明:4种复种牧草的株高、茎粗和SPAD差异极显著,不同复种系统对牧草鲜草、干草产量、枝条数、粗蛋白产量、品质、土壤理化性状和经济效益均有极显著影响.高丹草复种系统草产量最高、枝条数最多、粗蛋白产量最高,饲用谷子粗蛋白含量最大,青贮玉米酸性和中性洗涤纤维含量最低,而相对饲用价值最大;对土壤有机质、全盐和pH的影响不显著,对速效钾和碱解氮含量的影响显著,对速效磷影响极显著;高丹草复种系统的产投比最高.综合评价筛选出饲用小黑麦复种饲用谷子和高丹草的种植模式可推广为宁夏引黄灌区牧草周年栽培模式.
Abstract
In view of the present situation of low forage yield,backward cultivation techniques,and extreme shortage of seasonal green fodder in the Ningxia Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Area,the conflict between grass and livestock is sharp.In this study,× Triticosecale Wittmack+Sorghum bicolor × S.sudanense(T-SS),× Triticosecale Wittmack+S.bicolor(T-FS),× Triticosecale Wittmack+Setaria italica(T-FM)and × Triticosecale Wittmack+Zea mays(T-FM)were used for autumn sowing.The growth index,grass yield,nutritional quality,economic benefits,and soil nutrient content of the different treatments were determined and analyzed.This study aimed to determine the production performance and comprehensive benefits of four different multiple forage cropping modes and to provide a theoretical basis for multiple forage cropping technology in this area.The results showed that there were significant differences in plant height,stem diameter,and SPAD of the four multiple-cropping grasses,and the different multiple-cropping systems had significant effects on fresh grass,hay yield,branch number,crude protein yield,quality,soil physical and chemical properties,and economic benefits.The yield of grass,number of branches,and crude protein of the sorghum bicolor multiple cropping systems were the highest,the crude protein content of forage millet was the highest,the acid and neutral washing fiber content of corn silage was the lowest,and the relative feeding value was the highest.The effects on soil organic matter,total salt,and pH were not significant,but the available potassium and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen contents were significant,whereas the available phosphorus content was extremely significant.The output-input ratio of the S.bicolor multiple cropping system was the highest.Through principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation,the planting mode of forage rye multiple-cropping,forage millet,and sorghum grass could be extended to the annual planting mode of forage in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area.
基金项目
宁夏自然科学基金资助项目(2023AAC03441)
宁夏大学校地合作科技示范项目(NXXDHZ202316)
维普
万方数据