首页|青海省共和县4种燕麦品种营养及对牦牛饲用潜力的评价

青海省共和县4种燕麦品种营养及对牦牛饲用潜力的评价

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牦牛(Bos grunniens)是青藏高原重要的家畜之一,为高原地区人民提供了重要的生活物资及经济来源.燕麦(Avena sativa)作为一种重要的牧草品种,对青藏高原的畜牧业发展起到了重要作用.为了筛选饲草品质高且适宜饲喂牦牛的燕麦品种,本试验通过产量指标、常规营养指标及体外产气指标对'青燕4号''青燕3号''陇燕1号''白燕7号'4种燕麦进行饲用价值综合评价.结果表明:鲜草产量、干草产量及单位营养物质输出量,'青燕4号'和'青燕3号'显著高于'陇燕1号'和'白燕7号'(P<0.05),鲜草产量和干草产量均以'青燕4号'最高,鲜草产量较产量最低的'陇燕1号'高了 10.88%;粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维及粗灰分,4种燕麦之间无显著差异(P>0.05);粗脂肪,'青燕4号'与'青燕3号'显著高于'白燕7号',其中'青燕4号'含量最高,较含量最低的'白燕7号'高出14.13%;中性洗涤纤维,'白燕7号'显著高于其他3种人工种植燕麦,含量最高的'白燕7号'较含量最低的'青燕3号'高出10.61%;在体外产气指标中'陇燕1号'产气量显著高出'白燕7号'34.19%;pH,'白燕7号'显著高于'青燕3号';挥发性脂肪酸方面,异丁酸,'青燕3号'和'陇燕1号'显著高于'白燕7号';丁酸,'青燕3号'显著高于'青燕4号'和'白燕7号';异戊酸,'陇燕1号'显著高于'白燕7号';戊酸,'陇燕1号'显著高于其他3种燕麦;体外干物质消化率,'陇燕1号'显著高于其他3组,'陇燕1号'最高,为47.48%,'白燕7号'最低,为35.28%;代谢能,'陇燕1号'显著高出'青燕3号'13.31%.综上,'陇燕1号'的产量、常规营养指标和产气指标综合表现较佳,可以为青海省共和县地区牦牛提供优质的粗饲料来源.
Nutritional evaluation of four oat varieties and their potential for yak feeding in Gonghe County,Qinghai Province
The yak is an important domestic animal on the Tibetan Plateau,as it provides important living materials and an economic resource for the people in that region.As an important pasture species,oat plays an important role in the development of animal husbandry on the Tibetan Plateau.The aim of this study was to choose oat varieties with high forage quality and suitability for yak feeding.A comprehensive evaluation of the feeding value of four Avena sativa varieties('Qingyan No.4','Qingyan No.3','Longyan No.1',and'Baiyan No.7')was performed using yield indices,conventional nutritional indices,and in vitro gas production indices.The findings indicated that'Qingyan No.4'and'Qingyan No.3'had significantly higher fresh weight,hay weight,and nutrient output per unit than'Longyan No.1'and'Baiyan No.7',and'Qingyan No.4'showed the highest fresh grass yield and hay yield,and fresh weight of'Qingyan No.4'was 10.88%higher than that of'Longyan No.1',which had the lowest yield.There were no significant differences in crude protein,crude ash,or acid detergent fiber content among the four species of oats.Crude fat was significantly higher in'Qingyan No.4'and'Qingyan No.3'than in'Baiyan No.7',and'Qingyan No.4'had the highest content,which was 14.13%higher than that of'Baiyan No.7',which had the lowest content.'Baiyan No.7'had significantly higher neutral detergent fiber content than the other three cultivated oat species.and the content was 10.61%in'Baiyan No.7'than'Qingyan No.3',which had the lowest content.'Longyan No.1'produced significantly more gas than'Baiyan No.7'by 34.19%,while'Baiyan No.7'had a significantly higher pH than'Qingyan No.3'.For volatile fatty acids,'Qingyan No.3'and'Longyan No.1'produced significantly more isobutyric acid than'Baiyan No.7';'Qingyan No.3'produced significantly more butyric acid than'Qingyan No.4'and'Baiyan No.7';'Longyan No.1'produced significantly more isovaleric acid than'Baiyan No.7';and'Longyan No.1'produced significantly more valeric acid than the other three oat varieties.'Longyan No.1'demonstrated significantly greater in vitro dry matter digestibility at 47.48%than the other three groups,while'Baiyan No.7'showed the lowest value at 35.28%.'Longyan No.1'showed significantly higher metabolic energy than'Qingyan No.3'by 13.31%.In summary,'Longyan No.1'exhibited superior performance in terms of yield,conventional nutritional indices,and gas production indices,making it a valuable roughage feed for yaks in the Gonghe County area of Qinghai Province.

forageyakin vitro gas production techniquenutritional value evaluationTibetan Plateauspecies comparison

周鹏宇、崔占鸿、王迅、马金秀、孙璐、刘书杰

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青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁 810016

青藏高原放牧牦牛藏羊动物营养与饲草料重点实验室,青海西宁 810016

青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海西宁 810016

青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,青海西宁 810016

青海雪峰牦牛乳业有限公司,青海共和 811800

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牧草 牦牛 体外产气法 营养价值评价 青藏高原 品种比较

2024

草业科学
中国草原学会 兰州大学草地农业科技学院

草业科学

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子:0.854
ISSN:1001-0629
年,卷(期):2024.41(12)
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