Research progress in the treatment of osteoporosis by macrophage polarization
Osteoporosis is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. Osteoporosis patients are prone to fracture and systemic bone disease due to increased bone absorption rate and impaired osteogenic function, and even life-threatening. Traditional drug therapy focuses on anti-bone resorption methods to prevent further bone loss and has certain limitations in restoring osteogenic function. Therefore, it is one of the research hotspots in the field of osteoporosis at home and abroad to find new therapeutic methods to ensure safety and reduce treatment cost, inhibit bone absorption, stimulate anabolism and up-regulate bone formation. Through review of domestic and foreign literatures in the past 10 years, it was found that macrophage polarization was closely related to osteoporosis. M1 macrophages were the potential cause of osteoporosis, while M2 macrophages could secrete osteogenic factors to stimulate the division and activation of preosteoblasts and increase bone mineralization. This article reviews the mechanism of macrophage promoting bone formation and the existing research results, hoping to promote the clinical application of macrophage polarization in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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