Research progress in multimodal function magnetic resonance imaging in staging and grading of bladder cancer
Bladder cancer(BC)is a kind of tumor with high recurrence rate and easy progression.The treatment burden ranks first among all cancers,which seriously endangers national health.Accurate staging and grading are of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment decisions.With the recent advancements in MRI technology and Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System,diffusion weighted imaging,dynamic contrast enhanced MRI,diffusion kurtosis imaging,intravoxel incoherent motion,fractional-order calculus diffusion model,synthetic MRI as well as chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging can noninvasively evaluate tumor quality in terms of diffusion,blood supply,tissue quantitative analysis and metabolism.It is expected that assess tumor biological characteristics preoperatively and predict tumor recurrence.Its clinical value lies in helping clinicians make early diagnosis,formulating optimal surgical methods,improving patients'quality of life and reducing unnecessary economic burden.At the same time,the above technology become a research hotspot gradually in the future.This review focuses on the application of multimodal function MRI in the staging and grading of BC both domestically and internationally in recent years,providing a more reliable imaging basis for clinical diagnosis and
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