A VBM study on the effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on the brain structure of female college students
Objective:To investigate the effects of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on the plasticity of gray matter in female college students with high and low aerobic capacity by voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Materials and Methods:Healthy female college students were included in the study and divided into high and low aerobic capacity groups based on their maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). They underwent a 16-week regimen of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise intervention. T1-weighted brain structural images were collected before and after the aerobic exercise intervention,and changes in brain gray matter volume in the high and low aerobic capacity groups were compared using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Results:Repeated measures ANOVA showed that after the intervention of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise,there was a significant increase in the VO2max among both high and low aerobic capacity female college students (P<0.001). In female students with low aerobic capacity,there was a significant reduction in gray matter volume in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus/middle temporal gyrus/supramarginal gyrus/inferior parietal lobule,and right medial frontal gyrus/anterior cingulate gyrus/medial frontal gyrus (GRF corrected,voxel-level P<0.001,cluster-level P<0.01). In high aerobic capacity female students,significant reductions in gray matter volume were observed in the bilateral medial frontal gyrus/anterior cingulate gyrus,left medial frontal gyrus/inferior frontal gyrus,left superior temporal gyrus/middle temporal gyrus,right superior frontal gyrus/inferior frontal gyrus/insula,and right middle temporal gyrus/inferior temporal gyrus (GRF corrected,voxel-level P<0.001,cluster-level P<0.01). Conclusions:changes in gray matter structure in female college students induced by moderate-intensity aerobic exercise may be one of the mechanisms of brain plasticity induced by exercise. Moreover,these changes were correlated with the VO2max of the participants.
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