The study of brain development and injury is the basis for understanding the maturation pattern and ensuring the healthy development of children. MRI is an important method for assessing brain development and injuries. Recently,the pediatric-suitable MRI techniques have been continuously updated. Importantly,the application of artificial intelligence further improves the applicability of MRI in pediatric. In this work,novel imaging techniques and processing methods,including artificial intelligence accelerated imaging,motion artifact elimination,distortion correction,pediatric-suitable quantitative analysis of brain morphology and function,are reviewed. The application values of these techniques in revealing the law of brain development and the pathophysiological mechanisms of brain injury are briefly discussed. Meanwhile,the problems existing in the application of some of the methods are pointed out. It is expected that this work can inspire new perspectives for further expanding the application of brain imaging techniques in pediatrics,and provide a reference for the selection of early assessment tools for pediatric disorders. It is hoped that more researches can work together to promote the ability of pediatric-appropriate MRI technique development and clinical applications. These will be helpful for improving the ability of diagnosis and treatment of pediatric disorders.
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