A Study of the Lienü Zhuan in the Local Chronicles of Baoding during the Ming and Qing Dynasties
The Lienü Zhuan sections in the four local chronicles of Baoding from the Ming and Qing Dynasties in-clude numerous accounts of officially recognized women's deeds.This paper examines the criteria for women's in-clusion in these biographies and summarizes the reasons and impacts.Generally,only women who exhibited chasti-ty,filial piety,intelligence,longevity,or had many children were eligible for inclusion in the Lienii Zhuan.The variations in categories and numbers of women listed across different chronicles reflect changes in the standards for evaluating women and also indicate shifts in the historical context.Given the formulaic nature of the Lienii Zhuan in local chronicles,the deeds of the women included should be examined from multiple dimensions and not simply viewed as instances of coercion and oppression.