Objective To construct a pharmaceutical performance evaluation index system based on structure-process-outcom(SPO).Methods From February to April 2023,90 respondents from the pharmacy department of a tertiary first-clas hospital were selected as the study subjects.A questionnaire survey was conducted for employees comment on the content,process,results,and feedback of the current performance evaluation in the pharmacy department.And face-to-fac semi-structured interviews were carried out for the problems,management difficulties,and expected improvement direction of the current performance evaluation.The survey results and interview records were analyzed for the current state of performance management in the pharmacy department of the hospital.Based on the theoretical framework of the SPO three-dimensional quality structure model,the evaluation indicators were determined through the combination of literatur retrieval and Delphi method,and the indicator system was constructed.Results The expert authority coefficient was 0.825,and the coordination coefficient of the two rounds of expert consultation was 0.235 and 0.516,respectively,indicating good authority and opinion consistency of the experts(P G 0.05).Finally,a pharmaceutical performance evaluation system including three primary indicators,seven secondary indicators and 41 tertiary indicators was established.Conclusion The pharmaceutical performance evaluation index system based on SPO is scientific,systematic,and practical,which improves the quality and effectiveness of assessment and helps the high-quality development of hospital pharmacy.