Satellite-ground integration analysis of ionospheric disturbances triggered by volcanic eruption employing COSMIC-2 and GNSS
In response to the significant ionospheric disturbances caused by the violent eruption of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai(HTHH)volcano in early 2022,a novel satellite-ground integrated method was proposed in this paper for ionospheric response analysis using data from the low-orbit COSMIC-2 satellite and multi-system terrestrial GNSS.Initially,satellite-based ionospheric occultation was employed to fuse spatiotemporal electron density(EDP)profiles over the volcano's vicinity before and after the eruption,extracting ionospheric peak density(NmF2)and peak height(HmF2)to reveal spatiotemporal evolution patterns during the eruption period.Furthermore,ionospheric delay information from 768 global GNSS stations was used to analyze ionospheric disturbances comprehensively.The study also investigated the global impact of the eruption on the ionosphere,examining changes in ionospheric delay and the propagation characteristics of eruption-induced traveling ionospheric disturbances(TID)from near to far-field regions.Results showed disruptions in ionospheric structure due to the eruption,with significant deviations in EDP between eruption days and magnetically quiet days,accompanied by increased root mean square error(RMSE)and decreased cosine similarity(CS)values.Moreover,different response patterns were observed in the ionosphere from near to far-field regions,with high-frequency gravity waves propagating at speeds of 0.8～1.0 km/s and low-frequency sound pressure waves propagating at speeds of 0.3～0.4 km/s,alongside attenuation of TID amplitudes with increasing propagation distances.
HTHH volcanoCOSMIC-2ionospheric radio occultationsatellite-ground integrationtraveling ionospheric disturbancesgravity wavesound pressure wave
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