Evaluation of Flood Discharge Safety of Three Gorges Dam in Two Decades of Operation
In recent years,incidents of damage to high dam discharge structures have become increasingly frequent.The Three Gorges Dam,boasting the world's highest discharge volume and falling head,commands unparalleled discharge power,making its discharge safety a matter of great concern.Drawing upon hydraulic prototype observa-tions and model tests conducted since its impoundment in 2003,we examine seven pivotal factors affecting dis-charge safety:discharge structure layout,discharge capacity,dynamic pressure,flow cavitation,aeration,ventila-tion wind speed,cavitation wear,as well as energy dissipation and erosion prevention.In accordance with relevant technical standards and engineering experiences,we propose a comprehensive method for evaluating flood discharge safety tailored to high dams,outlining both qualitative criteria and quantitative thresholds.Our findings demonstrate the rationality of discharge structures of the Three Gorges Dam.The actual discharge aligns well with design values.The spillway structure sees no cavitation wear.In conclusion,over the two decades of operation,the drainage struc-tures and energy dissipation zones of the Three Gorges Dam have operated reliably,ensuring the safety and efficacy of flood discharge operations.
flood discharge safetyspillway structuresdischarge capacitywater flow aerationcavitation wearenergy dissipation and erosion preventionThree Gorges Dam
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