Flexible employment has become a crucial channel for labor absorption,playing a vital role as a"buffer"and"stabilizer"in the labor market.In the digital economy era,flexible employment is experiencing rapid growth and is expected to remain a stable and enduring feature of the labor landscape.However,there are still many misconceptions about flexible employment,and its definition and statistical parameters are unclear.More importantly,the social security protections for flexible workers have been relatively weak.This challenge stems from the institutional design that tightly links social security with labor relations,creating a dichotomy where workers either have comprehensive coverage or no coverage at all.During the"15th Five-Year Plan"period,it is essential to explore the development of a new social security system that accommodates the evolving characteristics and trends of employment forms across society.This requires distinguishing between fundamental risks faced by all members of society,such as poverty in old age and illness,and the additional risks encountered in the workplace.Corresponding protective mechanisms should be designed for each category.Additionally,innovative mechanisms for social insurance collection and administration are needed,including detailed policies on enrollment services,transition linkages,and safety net provisions.This endeavor calls for the establishment of a robust,multi-tiered social security framework that involves the collaborative participation of diverse stakeholders,enhancing the system's resilience and adaptability to the dynamic labor landscape.