美国《芯片法案》背后的政府干预逻辑:基于发展型网络国家的理论视角
The Logic of Government Intervention Behind the CHIPS Act of 2022 in the United States:A Theoretical Perspective Based on the Developmental Network State
谭锐1
作者信息
- 1. 广东外语外贸大学社会与公共管理学院 中国广州市番禺区小谷围广州大学城 510410
- 折叠
摘要
作为技术前沿国家,为应对东亚国家的技术追赶,美国政府强化了对技术创新过程的干预,但干预方式与东亚国家不同,被称之为"发展型网络国家"(DNS).本文基于DNS理论,以《芯片法案》为例,揭示了美国科技创新政策三个关键特征:一是致力于促进各类创新主体的协同合作;二是将政策重点放在创新生态系统的打造上;三是政府在创新过程中的功能主要是纠正"网络失灵".美国DNS根植于其特有的政治经济制度,如联邦制、政治游说、教育和科研管理体制,以及相关的法律制度保障等.尽管如此,该模式仍然对我国的科技创新体制改革具有重要的启示意义,如进一步促进大学、科研院所与市场融合,构建更广泛、有效的创新网络和平台,重视打造有利于初创企业的创新生态系统等.
Abstract
As a world leader in advanced technology,the US has strengthened its innovation policies in response to the technological rise of countries in East Asia.However,these policies are very different from those of its East Asian rivals.The US is characterized as a Developmental Network State(DNS),where innovation is promoted through decentralized networks rather than centralized planning.The DNS model has three key features.First,policies that promote cooperation among various innovation players.Second,a focus on creating an innovation ecosystem.Third,the critical role of governments in correcting the"network failure."The DNS in the US is rooted in its political and economic institutions,including federalism,political lobbying,education and S&T administration,and legal frameworks.However,this model offers valuable insights for our country when designing innovation policies,such as making universities and R&D institutions much more useful to firms,constructing many effective and extensive innovation networks and platforms,and creating a supportive ecosystem for high-tech firms.
关键词
芯片法案/技术政策/科技创新/发展型网络国家Key words
The CHIPS Act/Technology Policy/Scientific and Technological Innovation/Developmental Network State引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据