Influence of Heterointerface on Crystallization Behavior of Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Isolated Droplet
The crystallization process is closely related to material synthesis,mineral formation,and the pharmaceutical industry,and understanding the mechanisms of crystallization is a hot topic of research in materials science,physics,and chemistry.Many critical crystallization processes,such as frost heave,biomineralization,synthesis of nanomaterials,and scale formation,occur in small volumes rather than in bulk solutions.Crystallization within confined volumes,such as microdroplets,microfluidic devices,and pores,often exhibits special phenomena like the forma-tion of metastable polymorphs,depression of freezing points,and preferred crystal orientation.This work investigates the influence of heterogene-ous interfaces on the crystallization behavior of single droplets of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate(ADP).Utilizing in-situ microscopy,in-situ Raman spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and X-ray diffraction,we studied the crystallization process of single ADP droplets on vari-ous heterogeneous interfaces,uncovering crystallization pathways of ADP under both low and high supersaturation conditions.By adjusting the contact angle between the droplet and the substrate,a supersaturated ADP solution with a saturation level(S)of approximately 3.0 was ob-tained,exhibiting a new local structure.Under high supersaturation conditions,the metastable monoclinic phase of ADP was not observed.This research demonstrates multiple nucleation pathways in a microdroplet environment,offering new insights into crystallization mechanisms under confined conditions.
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