随着信息化、电动化和新能源技术的快速发展,便携电子、电动汽车和储能设施需要更高能量密度的电化学储能电池,但广泛使用的锂离子电池的能量密度正逐步接近极限,难以满足上述需求.因此亟需发展更高能量密度的电化学体系.锂金属负极具有极高的理论容量(3860 mAh·g-1)和最低的氧化还原电势(-3.04 V vs SHE),被认为是实现下一代高能量密度电池的理想材料.然而在几十年的发展过程中,锂金属电池较低的循环寿命和安全性问题严重制约了其实用化.本文从锂金属电池的发展历程出发,分析锂金属负极反应活性高、锂枝晶、死锂和体积膨胀等问题及作用机理,并就上述问题分别从界面设计和体相设计方面综述应对策略,包括非原位/原位生成的界面层保护、合金化锂负极以及三维复合锂负极,最后针对实效电池的约束条件、电极串扰及大容量电池的失效机制等实用化锂负极未来发展进行探讨和展望.
Research progress in stabilization of interface and bulk structure of lithium metal anodes
With the rapid development of information technology,electrification and new energy technologies,portable electric devices,electric vehicles and energy storage facilities require rechargeable batteries with higher energy density. However,the energy density of widely used lithium-ion batteries is approaching the limit,which cannot meet the above demands. Therefore it is urgent to explore new electrochemical systems with higher energy density. Lithium metal anode is a promising candidate for achieving next-generation high-energy-density batteries due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity (3860 mAh·g-1) and most negative electrochemical potential (-3.04 V vs SHE). However,during the few decades,the practical application of lithium metal batteries has been hindered by short lifetime and safety issues. In this paper,the history and development of lithium metal batteries were introduced,and the current issues and corresponding mechanisms were analyzed,such as high reactivity,lithium dendrites,dead lithium and volume expansion. Some strategies to deal with the above problems in terms of interface and bulk structure design,including the protection layers formed ex situ/in situ,lithium-based alloys and 3D composite lithium metal anodes,were proposed. Finally,the future developments of practical lithium metal anodes based on constraints for actual batteries,crosstalk of electrodes and failure mechanisms of large-capacity batteries were discussed.
lithium metal anoderechargeable batteryinterface designbulk structure design
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维普
