摘要
残余应力贯穿于材料及构件的设计、生产、加工、制造、服役和失效的全生命周期,是影响材料及构件加工精度、尺寸稳定性及疲劳强度的关键因素,如何准确无损表征残余应力具有重要意义.与传统实验室X射线衍射方法相比,同步辐射X射线衍射技术在亮度、准直、时间分辨率、空间分辨率、穿透深度等方面具有显著优势,是一种无损原位精确表征工程材料和关键构件残余应力有效的方法之一.本文围绕同步辐射X射线衍射技术在材料残余应力中的研究进展,重点阐述增材制造过程中高温合金的残余应力分析、激光喷丸技术对钛合金残余应力的影响、焊接铝合金残余应力评价、热处理参数对结构钢残余应力的影响以及陶瓷涂层的残余应力研究.最后,分析同步辐射X射线衍射技术在工业应用方面的不足,并展望未来的研究及发展方向,包括发展原位测试环境及装置、同步辐射X射线衍射技术与其他无损检测方法相结合等.
Abstract
Residual stress runs through the whole life cycle of materials and components,including design,production,processing,manufacturing,service and failure,and is a key factor affecting the processing accuracy,dimensional stability and fatigue strength of materials and components.It is important to know how to accurately and non-destructively characterize residual stresses.Compared with the traditional laboratory X-ray diffraction method,synchrotron X-ray diffraction has significant advantages in brightness,collimation,time resolution,spatial resolution,penetration depth,etc.It is one of the most effective methods for non-destructive in-situ accurate characterization of residual stresses in engineering materials and key components.This paper focused on the research progress of synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction technology in material residual stress,highlighting the analysis of residual stress in high temperature alloys during the additive manufacturing process,the effect of laser shot peening-technology on residual stress in titanium alloys,the evaluation of residual stress in welded aluminum alloys,the influence of heat treatment parameters on residual stress in structural steels,and the study of residual stress in ceramic coatings.Finally,the shortcomings of synchrotron X-ray diffraction technology in industrial applications are analyzed,and the future research and development directions are prospected,including the development of in-situ test environment and devices,and the combination of synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction technology and other non-destructive testing methods.
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