Comparative study of flame retardancy in polyimine vitrimers and composites:Evaluating additive and reactive flame retardants acting via gas-,solid-,and combined-phase mechanisms

Andrea Toldy ¹Dániel István Poór ²Beáta Szolnoki ³Boglárka Devecser ⁴Norbert Geier ⁵Ákos Pomázi⁶

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作者信息

1. Department of Polymer Engineering,Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,Budapest University of Technology and Economics,H-1111 Budapest,Muegyetem rkp.3,Hungary;MTA-BME Lendület Sustainable Polymers Research Group,M(ü)egyetem rkp.3,H-1111 Budapest,Hungary
2. Budapest University of Technology and Economics,Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,Department of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,M(ü)egyetem rkp.3.,Budapest 1111,Hungary;Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology,Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,Budapest University of Technology and Economics,H-1111 Budapest,M(ü)uegyetem rkp.3,Hungary
3. Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology,Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,Budapest University of Technology and Economics,H-1111 Budapest,M(ü)uegyetem rkp.3,Hungary
4. Department of Polymer Engineering,Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,Budapest University of Technology and Economics,H-1111 Budapest,Muegyetem rkp.3,Hungary
5. Budapest University of Technology and Economics,Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,Department of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,M(ü)egyetem rkp.3.,Budapest 1111,Hungary
6. HUN-REN-BME Research Group for Composite Science and Technology,M(ü)egyetem rkp.3.,H-1111 Budapest,Hungary;Department of Polymer Engineering,Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,Budapest University of Technology and Economics,H-1111 Budapest,Muegyetem rkp.3,Hungary;MTA-BME Lendület Sustainable Polymers Research Group,M(ü)egyetem rkp.3,H-1111 Budapest,Hungary
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Abstract

We developed flame retarded polyimine type vitrimers and carbon fibre reinforced composites using two additive and a reactive flame retardant containing phosphorus:ammonium polyphosphate(APP),resor-cinol bis(diphenyl phosphate)(RDP);and N,N',N"-tris(2-aminoethyl)-phosphoric acid triamide(TEDAP).We characterised the vitrimer matrix materials by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),thermal anal-ysis(TGA),limiting oxygen index(LOI),UL-94 test and mass loss calorimetry(MLC),while the vitrimer composites by LOI,UL-94 test,MLC and dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA).We compared the perfor-mance of the vitrimer systems to a benchmark pentaerythritol-based aliphatic epoxy resin system(PER).The vitrimer reference had higher thermal stability but lower fire performance than the PER aliphatic reference epoxy.At lower phosphorus content,the vitrimer systems exhibited a melting above their vit-rimer transition temperature,which negatively affected their LOI and UL-94 results.From 2％phosphorus content,rapid charring and extinguishing of vitrimers prevented the softening and deforming.The su-perior performance of these same flame retardants in vitrimer systems could be attributed to the high nitrogen content of imine-based vitrimers in combination with phosphorus flame retardants,exploiting nitrogen-phosphorus synergism.In both matrices,flame retardants with solid phase action lead to better fire performance,while in composites,the lowest peak heat release rates(152 kW/m2 in vitrimer com-posite)were achieved with RDP acting predominantly in the gas phase,as carbon fibres hindered the intumescent phenomenon.

Key words

Vitrimer/Polyimine/Epoxy/Carbon fibre/Polymer composite/Flame retardancy

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基金项目

Ministry of Culture and Innovation of Hungary from the National Research,Development and Innovation Fund(TKP-6-6/PALY-2021)

funding scheme(TKP2021-NVA)

National Research,Development and Innovation Office(NKFIH K142517)

scientific and technological cooperation between USA and Hungary(2021-1.2.4-TéT-2021-00050)

New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Culture and Innovation from the source of the National Research,Development (úNKP-23-3-Ⅱ-BME-227)

New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Culture and Innovation from the source of the National Research,Development (úNKP-23-5-BME-409)

New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Culture and Innovation from the source of the National Research,Development (úNKP-23-5-BME-417)

János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of sciences(BO/00508/22/6)

János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of sciences(BO/00980/23/7)

出版年

2024

材料科学技术(英文版)

中国金属学会中国材料研究学会中国科学院金属研究所

材料科学技术(英文版)

CSTPCD

影响因子：0.657

ISSN：1005-0302

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