Techniques for monitoring internal signals of lithium-ion batteries
Lithium-ion batteries are extensively used in portable electronics, energy storage systems, and electric vehicles. However, with the increasing capacity of these batteries, the risk of thermal runaway and associated safety concerns have escalated. Traditional battery management systems primarily focus on monitoring surface temperature and terminal voltage to assess battery health. Yet, the multilayer structure and poor thermal conductivity of battery modules make it challenging to effectively monitor internal temperature and gas distribution, leading to delayed detection of critical signals such as surface temperature variations. Consequently, there is a growing emphasis on monitoring changes in internal temperature, pressure, strain, and gas signals to provide timely warnings of battery thermal runaway and enhance safety across various applications. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the mechanisms of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries and the techniques for monitoring internal battery signals. It highlights a series of exothermic reactions associated with thermal runaway, along with the resulting changes in internal temperature, pressure, and gas signals. Moreover, the review discusses monitoring techniques that directly assess internal battery signals, such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and embedded sensor monitoring, offering insights for the optimization of future monitoring methods. The practical applications and potential of embedded sensors within batteries are emphasized, along with the prospects for further enhancing the safety of lithium-ion battery systems.
lithium-ion batterythermal runawayinternal battery signalsmonitoring and early warning
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维普
