Applications and challenges of polymer-based electrolytes in low-temperature solid-state lithium batteries
Polymer-based electrolytes hold promise as components for solid-state lithium batteries due to their good flexibility,good compatibility with electrodes,and ease of processing.Polymer-based solid-state batteries work stably at room temperature;however,at low temperature(≤0℃),the low ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte and the slow lithium ion transport kinetics lead to an increase in the polarization of the cell,a sharp decline in its discharge capacity,and severe dendrite growth,which greatly restrict the usage of solid-state batteries at low temperature.After exploring the recent literature,we first introduce the challenges and limitations of polymer-based electrolytes in low-temperature applications,and we then elaborate on the ionic conduction mechanism of polymer-based electrolytes.Using examples,we focus on the design strategies and applications of polymer-based electrolytes at low temperature,including the optimization of ionic conduction in the bulk of polymer-based electrolytes by the addition of inorganic or organic fillers,the introduction of liquid plasticizers,molecular structure engineering,and optimizing ion transport at interfaces between polymer-based electrolytes and electrodes by means of in situ polymerization and the construction of a conductive solid electrolyte interface/cathode electrolyte interface.Finally,we evaluate the transport mechanisms,design principles,and preparation methods for low-temperature,polymer-based electrolytes.This study is expected to promote the application of polymer-based electrolytes and solid-state lithium batteries at low temperatures.
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