Characterization study on overheat-induced thermal runaway for lithium-ion battery in energy storage
Energy storage systems play a crucial role in the advancement of modern electric power systems.Among these,lithium-ion battery energy storage is a key area of focus.A technical challenge hindering the application of lithium-ion batteries in energy storage is safety.This paper explores the electrical and thermal characteristics of battery thermal runaway triggered by overheating.A stepwise heating experiment,employing natural convection heat transfer,was conducted to analyze the failure modes of batteries at various temperature thresholds using the Semenov theory.This research examines changes in voltage,the average voltage drop rate,and self-heating characteristics across different temperatures,considering internal side reactions.Results indicate that thermal runaway occurs at 140-160℃,peaking at a maximum temperature of 464.6℃.The phenomena of rupture and gas leakage during the thermal runaway considerably influence the peak temperature observed.Furthermore,when the state of charge of the battery is reduced to 50%,the battery transitions from thermal runaway to functional failure.These findings provide a foundation for future research on safety management and mitigation of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries.
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