Thermal design and simulation analysis of an immersing liquid cooling system for lithium-ions battery packs in energy storage applications
Indirect liquid cold plate cooling technology has become the most prevalent method for thermal management in energy storage battery systems,offering significant improvements in heat transfer and temperature uniformity compared to air cooling.However,challenges such as excessive temperature gradients between the top and bottom of battery cells,high circulation resistance,and elevated power consumption in the cooling pipeline remain unresolved.In order to solve these problems,this study focuses on a novel direct immersing liquid cooling system,where the battery pack is fully submerged in a cooling liquid.Numerical simulations were conducted to evaluate the temperature distribution and flow characteristics of this immersive cooling system and compare them with a traditional cold plate system.The study further explores the effects of variables such as immersing cooling liquid flow rate,cell distance,and the number of ejection holes on the thermal performance of the immersing battery pack.The research shows that,in comparison with cold plate cooling,the direct immersion system significantly reduces both the maximum temperature and temperature gradients on the top surface of the battery pack,therefore enhancing overall cooling efficiency.At the same time,the temperature difference between the top and bottom of the battery cells significantly decreases,effectively addressing the thermal gradient issue inherent in cold plate systems.With the increase of cooling liquid flow rate and cell distance,the maximum temperature and temperature difference on the top surface of the battery pack decrease to varying degrees,albeit at a diminishing rate.While increasing the number of ejection holes decreases the maximum temperature,it also noticeably increases the temperature gradient across the pack.
energy storage battery packdirect immersing coolingthermal characteristics
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