On the Three Approaches of Ethnographic Translation in the Modern Chinese Historical Context
ONG's four-stage theory of human cultural history based on the bipolar theory of orality and literacy provides a reasonable explanation for the diversified approaches in ethnographic translation in the field of anthropology.Since the latter half of the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century,foreign missionary and exploration activities penetrated into China's inland.English-speaking western anthropologists carried out in-depth ethnographic transla-tion on various indigenous tribes in Southwest China.As they went deeper into the interior and even borderlands of China,their ethnographic translational space evolved from the study to the field.Based on the Chinese manuscripts of Miao Albums,Naxi Scriptures and Chuanmiao tribal oral arts,English-speaking anthropologists conducted three approaches of ethnographic translation abundantly in modern Chinese historical context.Their ethnographic transla-tion highlights the value of ethnographic knowledge contained in orality,and reflects the internal structure of the di-versified unity of the Chinese nation.Moreover,it broadens the current academia's inherent cognition of ethnogra-phic translation as a univocal approach from oral narratives to written texts.
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