Research progress on difficulties of bladder cancer treatment based on tumor-associated macrophages
Bladder cancer ranks 12th in the statistical spectrum of death from malignant tumor pa-tients,its incidence rate is high,the patients population is showing a trend of youthfulness,moreover it is easy to develop metastasis and recurrence.In recent years,the immunotherapy has been gradually promoted in the patients with advanced bladder cancer who cannot receive the cisplatin chemotherapy or who are resistant to chemotherapy,in particular,the immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)represented by programmed cell cleath-1(PD-1)/programmed cell cleath-ligand 1(PD-L1)are dominant,although ICIs represented by PD-1/PD-L1 has achieved good efficacy in immunotherapy.However,due to the increase in immune escape events,only a-bout 30％of patients benefit from immunotherapy.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop the treatment regimen for the patients with bladder cancer immune escape.Recently,the tumor microenvironment(TME)has become a research hotspot,especially the immunosuppressive cells in TME.There are 5 types of cells with immunosuppressive function in TME:tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs),regulatory T cells(Tregs),bone marrow-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs),tumor-associated central granulocytes(MDSCs)and tumor-associated fibroblasts(CAFs),which play an important role in tumor immune escape.This paper elaborated the composition and function of TAMs in TME and prospects the tumor promoting mechanism of bladder cancer TAMs and targeted treatment of bladder cancer TAMs.
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