Between Virtuality and Reality:The Formation and Evolution of Kong Qian's Image in Later Tang Dynasty
In the 1970s,four epitaphs were unearthed from the tombs of Kong Qian's family in Shandong Province. They were the epitaphs of Kong Qian himself,the epitaphs of his parents,the epitaphs of Kong Fang Couple (his parents),the epitaphs of Kong Jin and the epitaphs of Kong Li,his brother. In addition to the epitaphs of Kong Qian himself,the other three epitaphs also involve the description of Kong Qian's life. The image of Kong Qian in these epitaphs is quite the opposite to the image of Kong Qian in the historical records. Kong Qian was a harsh official who exploited the people and accumulated welth,but in the epitaphs,he became a vassal who tried his best to help Zhuang Zong achieve hegemony. This contrast can be interpreted as the epitaph writers deliberately embellish the image of the tomb owner under the support of the owner's family,but it is probably related to the political evolution during the reigns of Emperor Zhuangzong and Emperor Mingzong.
Kong QianZhuang Zong'srenaissanceHistorical writingCathaysification of political power