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北魏柔然女水之战考论

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北魏皇兴四年(470)九月爆发的女水之战是北魏与柔然关系史上具有重要意义的一场战争,对两国之间的外交关系以及各自国内政局都产生了重要影响.根据对战争经纬的复原,可知战争由北魏与柔然双方最高统治者亲自坐镇指挥,往返六千余里,然仅耗时十九日,充分体现了游牧战争的特征.女水之战是一场维护北魏为中心的册封朝贡国际秩序之战,不再是过去北族游牧部落间单纯地报复与掠夺性战争.经此一战奠定了北魏与柔然此后数十年间稳定的外交关系,维护了以北魏为中心的朝贡册封国际格局.然而北魏显祖亲征取得的完胜却将其推入了一个更加尖锐的权力格局之争中,成为导致显祖与冯氏权斗激烈化,被迫逊位的重要因素.此外,作为研究北魏柔然关系重要直接史料的《北伐颂》在新修订的《魏书》中存在数处明显的文字失校与句读误断,现据日本环流中土的汉籍弘仁本《文馆词林》予以补正.
Textual Research on the Battle of Nu Shui River between Northern Wei Dynasty and Rouran
The Battle of Nu Shui River that broke out in October 470 was a war of great significance in the history of the relationship between the Northern Wei Dynasty and Rouran.According to the restoration of the war,it can be seen that the war was personally commanded by the supreme rulers of the Northern Wei Dynasty and Rouran,and the round trip took more than 6,000 miles,but it only took 19 days,which fully reflects the characteristics of nomadic warfare.The Battle of Nu Shui River is a battle to maintain the international order of canonization and tributary centered on the Northern Wei Dynasty which is no longer a simple revenge and predatory war between the northern nomadic tribes in the past.After this battle,the Northern Wei Dynasty and Rouran established stable diplomatic relations for decades,and maintained the international pattern of tributary canonization centered on the Northern Wei Dynasty.However,the complete victory of the Northern Wei Dynasty pushed Xianzu into a more acute power struggle,which became an important factor that led to the intensification of the power struggle between Xianzu and the Fengshi and forced him to abdicate.In addition,as an important direct historical material for studying the relationship between the Northern Wei Dynasty and Rouran,Beifa Song in the newly revised Wei Shu has several obvious misspellings and misreading of sentences.It is now supplemented and corrected according to the Wenguan Cilin,a Chinese book that was returned to China from Japan.

The Northern WeiDynastyRouranBeifa SongThe Battle of Nu Shui River

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浙江大学,浙江 杭州 310058

北魏 柔然 《北伐颂》 女水之战

2024

史志学刊

史志学刊

ISSN:2096-0816
年,卷(期):2024.(3)