iSpace:Conceptual Exploration and Urban Planning Practices from 246 Global Cases
As smart city development enters the implementation phase,the intelli-gence of urban spaces is emerging as a critical strategy and a key leverage point for realizing smart city visions.This paper analyses the development of iSpace over the past decade,including 246 projects worldwide in the sample.By integrating theo-retical research from the literature,the paper defines the concept of iSpace,highlight-ing its two primary characteristics:"technology empowerment"and"spatial carrier."Furthermore,it identifies four key elements of iSpace:"comprehensive perception,precise judgment,appropriate response,and self-optimization",and discusses opera-tional pathways for the intelligent transformation of urban spaces.The study seeks to provide new theoretical insights and practical guidance for the comprehensive implementation of iSpace initiatives.