As the operational speeds of high-speed trains continue to increase,the challenges associated with ensuring the safety of high-speed train braking and emergency stopping become increasingly prominent.In response to this issue,aerodynamic braking plates are positioned at the streamlined front and other cross-sectional locations of the train body to address safety concerns.This study investigated the effects of factors such as the height of the braking plates,the design of the openings,and the coordinated placement of opening braking plates on the aerodynamic characteristics of the train,using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method based on the SST k-ω turbulence model.The correctness of the numerical simulation method was validated through wind tunnel experiments on a train equipped with aerodynamic braking plates.The research results are drawn as follow.The aerodynamic braking plates influence the surface pressure distribution characteristics of the train,inducing significant airflow separation phenomena.Additionally,the aerodynamic braking plates enhance the overall pressure differential resistance,thereby increasing the aerodynamic resistance of the train.Elevated aerodynamic braking plates lead to an expansion of the pressure distribution range,causing an increase in the distribution range of the recirculation zone behind the plates and increasing the aerodynamic resistance of the plates.The impact of variations in the design and position of the openings in the aerodynamic braking plates is not significant,but the design of the openings can strengthen the aerodynamic resistance experienced by the elevated aerodynamic braking plates in the rear.Elevating the braking plates reasonably results in the most pronounced aerodynamic resistance enhancement for the entire train,with a maximum increase effect reaching the 422.91％ of the aerodynamic drag experienced by the original high-speed train.Compared to solely altering the design and position of the openings in the braking plates,the coordinated arrangement of openings and elevation demonstrates a better performance in aerodynamic resistance enhancement,with an effect of 420.67％.
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