Field experimental study on vertical evacuation of underground tunnel
In recent years,the vertical evacuation mode has become a common practice in the evacuation design of tunnels.However,the safety of this mode remains unverified,lacking real experimental data to support it.Therefore,a large-scale crowd evacuation study with 188 participants (109 males and 79 females) was conducted using a field experiment method to simulate a traffic congestion during a fire in a tunnel,to investigate the characteristics and key parameters of personnel evacuation behavior in the vertical evacuation mode of tunnels,in which parameters such as evacuation time,evacuation walking speed,evacuation staircase capacity.The evacuation staircase cover opening time were analyzed.The main research conclusions are drawn as follows.1) During a tunnel fire,crowd evacuation is significantly affected by tunnel familiarity and evacuation guidance,and congestion is more likely to occur during emergency evacuation,with evacuation guidance considerably improving exit and route choice,and increasing evacuation efficiency.2) In traffic congestion,the walking speed of crowd evacuation is significantly increased with the increase in tunnel familiarity and evacuation guidance.Notably,in the traffic lane,the average speed for males and females rises from 1.38 m/s and 1.39 m/s to 1.94 m/s and 1.99 m/s,respectively,while in the lower secure channel,the average evacuation walking speed slightly decreases as participant experience slackness and relaxation.It is proposed that some warning signs be installed in the evacuation routes to urge and guide people to evacuate.3) The maximum evacuation capacity of the staircase,with an entrance width of 1.09 m,is 38 persons/min.Notably,males open the stair cover plate faster than females,as the average time to open the stair cover plate is 7.5 s and 12.6 s for males and females,respectively.The results are used as a reference for the design of evacuation plans and operation management of tunnels.It can improve the level of disaster prevention and evacuation in tunnels.
万方数据
维普
