利用5对 EST-SSR 引物对千家寨内7个海拔梯度的野生茶树居群进行遗传多样性和遗传结构的研究。在物种水平上，Shannon 信息指数（I）和 Nei 基因多样性（He）分别为1.33和0.66，表现出很高的遗传多样性；千家寨不同海拔梯度上野生茶树居群的遗传多样性有差异，且随着海拔梯度的递增，居群的遗传多样性呈现出低—高—低的分布，并在海拔2100 m 处达到最大值；野生茶树居群间的基因流（Nm）为1.84，群体分化系数（Fst）为0.12，且基于 AMOVA 软件分析结果显示有16.32%的变异发生在居群间，表明野生茶树群体间属于中度分化，且大部分变异存在于居群内。野生茶树本身的遗传特性和不同海拔居群所处生境的异质性是其现有遗传格局的主要原因。
Genetic Diversity of Wild Tea Plant in Different Altitude in Qianjiazhai
5 pairs of EST-SSR markers derived by the authors were used to study genetic diversity and genetic structure of 7 wild tea populations at different altitudes in Qianjiazhai. At the species level, Shannon information index (I) and Nei’s gene diversity (He) were 1.33 and 0.66, respectively, indicating this species has high genetic diversity at species level. Along altitudinal gradients, the genetic diversity among population of wild tea was different and showed low-high-low distribution. The genetic diversity of population at altitude 2 100 m was much higher than others populations. AMOVA analysis showed that only 16.32% of the total genetic variation occurred among populations, whereas 83.68% of the variance was within populations, which was in line with the coefficient of genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.12). And the gene flow Nm was 1.84, indicating the genetic diversity between wild ancient population in was characterized by the moderate level. The genetic characteristics of wild tea and the habitat heterogeneity in different elevation are the main reason of existing genetic pattern.
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