Impact of particle size distribution of sand on ball lies in golf course bunkers
[Objective]Golf ball lie in a sand bunker is influenced by many factors. One of them is particularly sand particle sizes and their distributions.They can significantly affect the depth of the pit formed by the golf ball fall-ing from the air into the bunker,resulting in a "fried egg" ball lie.The study was carried out to explore the influence of sand particle size characteristics on golf ball lie in the sand pit.[Method]To understand the effects of "fried egg" ball lies in the bunkers in relation to properties of sand particle sizes,this study was carried out with ball dropping simula-tion from heights of 1 m and 2 m under laboratory conditions. The experiment involved 3 different regional sands. Comparing sand particle distribution,particle gradation coefficient,uniformity coefficient,curvature coefficient,angle of repose,size and depth of golf ball pit in the sand pan with combination of different sand particle fractions,selection of the bunker sand were recommended and determined.[Result]The results show that among 3 selected bunker sands,river sand had coarser texture,continuous wide and uniform particle size distribution,good gradation,hardness and stability.The inner diameter and depth of river sand pit were significantly lower than those of soil sand and moun-tain sand (P＜0.05) when simulated from a height of 1 m,and it was not easy to produce the "fried egg" lies in the case of river sand. Moreover through the 1 m height ball drop simulation for the medium and coarse particle size (0.25～2) mm fraction and different single particle size fractions,it was found that the river sand with a particle size ranging 0.25～2 mm exhibited the low possibility for the formation of the "fried egg" ball lies.[Conclusion]There-fore,sand with a wide and uniform distribution of particle sizes,better gradation,and coarser particles ranging 0.25～2 mm can produce optimal ball lies in sand bunkers,while sand with narrow distribution of particle sizes,poor grada-tion,and with median particle size of＜0.5 mm is very easy to form the "fried egg" ball lies.
万方数据
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