To fabricate artificial heart valve leaflet materials that mimic the layered structure and mechanical anisotropy characteristics of human native heart valve leaflets,different mass ratios of polycaprolactone(PCL)and gelatin were used to produce PCL/gelatin composite scaffolds by electrospinning technology.The three-layered composite scaffolds were stacked sequentially by adjusting the fiber arrangement of each layer membrane.The results showed that with a PCL mass-volume ratio of 10%,as the gelatin mass fraction increased,the fiber diameter and the thickness of the composite scaffolds increased,while the elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength of the scaffolds decreased.Specifically,the elastic modulus of the composite scaffold with a mass ratio of PCL and gelatin of 5∶3 was(26.98±3.01)MPa and(3.39±0.36)MPa in two mutually perpendicular directions,respectively,with an anisotropy ratio of approximately 7.96,approaching the mechanical anisotropy ratio of native aortic valve leaflets.In vitro pulsatile flow experiments showed that the effective opening area(EOA)was 1.79 cm2,the mean pressure difference(MPD)was 1.67 kPa(12.52 mmHg)and the regurgitant fraction(RF)was 24.22%.Meanwhile,the hemolysis rate of the prepared composite scaffolds was less than 5%,and the relative cell proliferation rate exceeded 80%,indicating good hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility,which suggested potential application in artificial heart valve leaflet materials.
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