首页|三大洋海温异常对2022年2月中国南方持续低温雨雪的影响

三大洋海温异常对2022年2月中国南方持续低温雨雪的影响

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2022年 2月,中国南方出现持续低温雨雪天气:区域平均降水量 126.6 mm,较多年(1981～2020年)平均偏多 99.7%;日最低气温 5.1℃,较多年平均偏低 2.6℃.分析表明,该地区 700 hPa到 925 hPa异常强的经向风垂直切变是 2月持续低温雨雪期间的关键环流特征.经向风垂直切变与三大洋的海温异常均有联系:在赤道中东太平洋海温偏冷的背景下,热带西太平洋和北太平洋中部海温偏暖可导致东亚槽加深和对流层低层到近地面出现偏北风异常;北大西洋中部海温偏暖可通过西欧—东亚沿岸的北支Rossby波列加强乌拉尔山高压脊和东亚槽,使得西伯利亚高压和中国南方低层偏北风增强;东南印度洋海温偏暖有利于南支槽加深和西北太平洋异常反气旋加强,对流层中层偏南风加强.海温对环流的影响有明显的季内变化,北太平洋中部和北大西洋中部海温与西伯利亚高压仅在 2月显著相关,有利于 2月气温偏低;东南印度洋海温与 1月和 2月的南支槽显著相关,与 2月西北太平洋异常反气旋显著相关,中国南方地区降水从1月中旬起增多可能与该海域海温持续偏暖有关.因此,上述三个海区的海温异常可能与2021/2022年冬季暖干到冷湿的季内转折以及2022年2月持续低温雨雪有关.
The Impact of SST Anomalies over Three Oceans on the Cold,Rainy,and Snowy Weather in Southern China in February 2022
In February 2022,southern China experienced persistent periods of cold,rainy,and snowy weather.The regional mean accumulated precipitation was 126.6 mm,marking a 99.7%increase compared with the multi-year(1981-2020)average.Additionally,the daily minimum temperature was 5.1°C,which was 2.6°C below the multi-year average.Analysis revealed that a particularly strong meridional wind vertical shear over southern China between 700 and 925 hPa was a key circulation feature in February 2022.The sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies related to the meridional wind vertical shear were analyzed,and the following results were obtained:Under the background of La Niña,the increase in SST over the tropical western Pacific and central North Pacific benefited the deepening of the East Asian trough and the occurrence of northerly wind anomalies in the lower troposphere over southern China.Furthermore,increased SSTs over the central North Atlantic Ocean strengthened the Ural Ridge and East Asia Trough through a Rossby wave train along the Western Europe-East Asia coast while enhancing the Siberian High and northerly winds in the lower troposphere over southern China.The increase in SSTs in the southeast Indian Ocean contributed to the strengthening of the southern branch trough and the anomalous anticyclone in the western North Pacific.These result in stronger southerly winds in the middle troposphere over southern China.The influence of SST exhibited sub-seasonal variations.SSTs in the central North Pacific and central North Atlantic showed significant correlations with the Siberian High in February,which is conducive to the lower temperature in February.The SST over the southern Indian Ocean was significantly correlated with the southern branch trough in January and February and the anomalous anticyclone in the western North Pacific in February.The increase in precipitation in southern China since mid-January was possibly related to the persistent warming of SST in this region.Consequently,SST anomalies in these areas might be associated with the sub-seasonal reversal from warm and dry conditions to cold and wet conditions during the winter of 2021/2022 and persistent cold,rainy,and snowy weather in February 2022.

Persistent low temperature and rain/snowMeridional wind vertical shearCentral North PacificCentral North AtlanticSoutheastern Indian OceanSub-seasonal reversal

钱卓蕾、马洁华、尹志聪、赵驰宇

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绍兴市气象台,绍兴 312000

南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京 210044

中国科学院大气物理研究所气候变化研究中心,北京 100029

中国科学院大气物理研究所竺可桢—南森国际研究中心,北京 100029

南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(珠海),珠海 519000

绍兴市气象服务中心,绍兴 312000

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持续低温雨雪 经向风垂直切变 北太平洋中部海温 北大西洋中部海温 东南印度洋海温 季内转折

国家自然科学基金项目气象灾害教育部重点实验室&气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心联合开放课题

42088101KLME202212

2024

10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2303.22248

大气科学
中国科学院大气物理研究所

大气科学

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：2.11
ISSN：1006-9895
年,卷(期)：2024.48(5)