In order to fully grasp the soil erosion status of the Anning River Basin and discuss its distribution characteristics, the hy-draulic erosion modulus of the area is calculated based on the USLE model, and the distribution variation of different elevations, slopes and land types is discussed. The results show that: (1)the average soil erosion modulus in 2020 in the Anning River Basin is 2962 t/(km2·a), and the erosion intensity is generally at a medium level; (2)the erosion in the northwest and southeast of the study area is more serious, especially in parts of Mianning county, Huidong county and Dechang county; (3)the elevation <3500 m are domina-ted by slight erosion; the slope is 25° as the overall erosion change boundary; and the woodland is the main erosion land. It is recom-mended to adhere to the return of farmland (pasture) to forest (grassland), strengthen the management of slope cultivated land, im-prove vegetation coverage, conduct real-time monitoring of soil erosion status, and combine prevention and control.