数字经济时代算法共谋的反垄断法规制
The Anti Monopoly Law Regulation of Algorithm Collusion in the Digital Economy Era
黄永镇1
作者信息
- 1. 中国社会科学院大学,北京 102488
- 折叠
摘要
算法赋予传统共谋以新表现形式,理解算法促进共谋的机理是对其进行规制的前提.算法改变了传统意思联络方式,使共谋更隐蔽且更易达成;算法能迅速识别背离共谋的行为并施以惩戒,提高了共谋的稳定性;算法弱化了市场集中度的限制,从而拓展了共谋发生场域.算法共谋的规制困境包括算法工具理性逐渐超越甚至取代人类理性,致使垄断协议认定困难;算法决策自主性的增强模糊了责任分配;算法成为经营者豁免共谋责任的理由,导致事后追责威慑失灵.但现有反垄断法律对算法共谋仍具有可规制性.应引入意识意志框架探寻经营者真意,除知情同意外,知情并推定同意及推定知情并推定同意也属于意思联络表现形式.同时拓展责任主体范围,设计者存在过错时可穿透"技术中立"屏障,追究其法律责任;使用者未积极采取预防措施致使共谋风险现实化应受法律谴责.执法机构应从源头上对算法共谋进行合规治理,提高反垄断法律的事前威慑.
Abstract
Algorithms give traditional collusion a new form of expression,and understanding the mechanism by which algorithms promote collusion is a prerequisite for regulating it.The algorithm has changed the traditional means of communication,made collusion more covert and easier to achieve;The algorithm can quickly identify behaviors that deviate from collusion and impose punishment,resulting in improved stability of collusion;The algorithm weakens the limitations of market concentration and expands the field of collusion.The regulatory dilemma of algorithmic collusion includes the gradual transcendence or even replacement of human rationality by algorithmic instrumental rationality,resulting in difficulties in protocol recognition;Enhanced autonomy in algorithmic decision-making blurs responsibility allocation;The algorithm becomes a pretext for operators to exempt themselves from collusion responsibility,and afterwards the accountability and deterrence fail.However,existing antitrust laws still have regulatory power over algorithmic collusion.Introducing the framework of conscious will to explore the true intentions of operators,in addition to knowing and expecting,knowing and presuming consent and presuming knowing and presuming consent are also forms of expression of intention communication.The scope of the responsible subjects should be expanded,and designers who have faults can penetrate the"technology neutrality"barrier and be held legally responsible;The failure of users to actively take preventive measures leading to the realization of collusion risk should be condemned by law.Law enforcement agencies should carry out compliance governance on algorithmic collusion from the source,and improve the prior deterrence of antitrust laws.
关键词
算法共谋/意思联络/技术中立/源头治理Key words
algorithm collusion/meaning communication/technology neutrality/source governance引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社会科学基金青年项目(23CFX078)
出版年
2023
NETL
NSTL
万方数据