To study survival mechanism of Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott by analyzing the characteristics of biomass and niche.The six natural sample zones of Dryopteris fragrans were investigated and 10 dominant species were used to calculate the biomass,the niche width of populations and niche overlap inter populations.The results showed that the vertical distribution of Dryopteris fragrans biomass was increased with plant height.Dryopteris fragrans had high comparatively and overlaps of niche with Setaira viridis,Chelidonium majus,and Urtica angustifolia,and anastomosed to a certain degree.It concluded that the special growing environment and the deteriorating habitant condition were probably the main reasons of its endangerment.