The Philosophical Roots of the Ecological Crisis and the Construction of a Political-Philosophical Dimension of Ecological Civilization
The philosophical roots of the ecological crisis come from the antagonism and alienation caused by Western dualism.Dualism extends from ontology to epistemology and then to political philosophy,displaying antagonisms in two dimensions of political relations:the absolute priority of rights over power leads to the antagonism between human beings as the subjects of rights and all things in nature as the tools of power;and the difference in the degree of domination of power leads to the extremely unequal distribution of ecological resources among the population.Capitalist political philosophy tries to maintain the dichotomy at two levels,which results in exacerbating the ecological crisis:on the one hand,the mainstream political philosophy tries its best to maintain the rationality of alienation;on the other hand,it changes the social preference,alienation transfer,and transforms the alienation of production into the alienation of demand.Recognizing this root cause of the ecological crisis,many have sought to regulate and mitigate the dichotomy between human beings and nature by weakening the dominant position of human beings in the relationship between human beings and nature.Along this path in recent years from the perspective of political philosophy to explore the ecological crisis of the theory of the three main categories:ecological conservatism,ecological radicalism and ecological nationalism,these theories did not fundamentally solve the drawbacks of the dualistic philosophy.Only eco-Marxism not only through the criticism of the capitalist mode of production to overcome the confrontation between man and nature;and through the"class liberation"goal to ensure that the human subject position in the relationship between man and nature,will be the unity of rights and obligations.Eco-Marxism truly puts forward the fundamental ways in which an ecological civilization can be established:in the area of production,to stop overproduction;in the area of demand,to curb excessive consumption;in the area of distribution,to regulate the intra-and intergenerational distribution of ecological resources;in the area of ethics,to move from a group-based to a class-based approach;and in the area of institutions,to adhere to the establishment of ecological protection and governance mechanisms on the basis of the socialist system.
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