With the increasing demand for energy in the current social development,the new energy storage technology has developed rapidly,showing a wide range of application prospects in electric vehicles,portable power supply and other fields.Sodium ion battery,as an emerging energy storage technology,is considered as one of the most potential candidates for the future due to abundance of resources.In this field,hard carbon is outstanding for commercialization potency to be used as an anode material for sodium ion battery,which not only has a high specific capacity,but also has the relatively low cost and a wide supply of raw materials.Based on the behavior of hard carbon charge/discharge curves,we know that the increase of low potential plateau capacity is more suitable to practical applications,and closed pore structure is strongly correlated with the performance of plateau capacity.Herein,we comprehensively summarize multiple models of sodium storage mechanisms in hard carbon materials and in-depth discuss the strategies for the formation of closed pore structures,including carbonization temperature,precursor pretreatment,and structure modulation,which could give valuable guiding directions for the future design of high plateau capacity hard carbon materials.
sodium ion batteryhard carbonplateau capacityclosed pore
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