摘要
公司登记制度可以说是商事制度改革的核心内容,但从有助于企业维持和发展、有助于良性竞争秩序形成的维度而言,我国的公司/商事登记制度还有较大的发展空间.以"系统性"方法检视,公司登记制度至少面临六个需要改进的要点问题.商事主体的登记制度与非商事主体的登记制度如何协同发展?如何从关注"主体性登记"转向关注"行为性登记"?如何从偏重"自愿性登记"转向兼顾"强制性登记"?如何从重视"单体性公司登记"转向重视"集合性公司登记"?如何从注重登记"准入监管"过渡到注重登记后的"过程监管"?以及,如何准确厘定登记行为之性质,优化各类登记及准登记行为之效力?公司登记对营商环境的促进不仅在如何改善"准入登记",更重要的是我们应当如何促进"过程监管".如果说,十年前中国企业的竞争失范、竞争秩序难以形成有很大一部分原因来自政府的过强干预,通过十余年简政放权的改革,现在影响良性竞争秩序形成的主要障碍可能来自平台企业.正是一些平台企业的无序竞争阻碍了实体经济发展、增加了实体企业的运营成本.主体登记是实现社会控制、促进交易安全的一项行之有效的措施,也是一种系统工程,商法学界应当秉持系统性思维,深入反思目前"单向度"的主体性登记制度所存在的问题,如此,才会更有利于营商环境的优化.
Abstract
In the past decade,the company registration system,particularly the market access reg-istration system,has achieved significant reform accomplishments.The previously fragmented legislative registration model based on the forms of business entities has been replaced by the unified"Regulations on the Registration Management of Market Entities"and its implementation rules.The company registra-tion system can be considered the core aspect of the reform of commercial systems.Under the promotion of the State Administration for Market Regulation,the increasingly convenient market access registration system has played a significant role in improving China's business environment.However,from the per-spective of facilitating the maintenance and development of enterprises and fostering a sound competitive order,there is still considerable room for improvement in China's company/commercial registration sys-tem.A systematic approach reveals at least six key areas that need improvement within the company reg-istration system.How can the registration systems for commercial entities and non-commercial entities develop in synergy?How can we shift the focus from"entity registration"to"behavioral registration"?How can we transition from an emphasis on"voluntary registration"to a balanced approach that includes"mandatory registration"?How can we move from focusing on"individual company registration"to valu-ing"bulk company registration"?How can we shift our attention from"access regulation"during regis-tration to"process regulation"after registration?Finally,how can we accurately define the nature of reg-istration actions and optimize the effectiveness of various registration and pre-registration actions?The promotion of the business environment through company registration is not only about improving"access registration",but also about how we can enhance"process regulation".A decade ago,the difficulty in establishing a competitive order among Chinese enterprises was largely due to excessive government inter-vention;after more than ten years of administrative streamlining and decentralization reforms,it is evident that the greatest obstacle to forming a sound competitive order now may stem from platform enterprises.The chaotic and excessive race to the bottom among platform enterprises is a significant factor hindering the development of the real economy and increasing the operational costs of enterprises.Therefore,the academic community in commercial law should unite to launch a"compliance challenge"against those platform enterprises that exhibit serious governance irregularities.For a long time,the commercial law ac-ademic community has focused narrowly on commercial entity registration,showing insufficient enthusiasm for broader issues such as behavioral registration,intermediate enterprise(social enterprise)registration,and mandatory registration,which have attracted the attention of civil law and administrative law scholars.This lack of enthusiasm has directly impacted the reform of related registration systems.En-tity registration is an effective measure for achieving social control and promoting transaction safety;it is also a systematic project.The commercial law academic community should adopt a systematic and open-minded approach to deeply reflect on the problems existing in the current"one-dimensional"entity regis-tration system,as this will be more conducive to enhancing the business environment.In the long run,the best approach to resolving these issues is not to formulate a"Business Entity Management Law"or a"General Principles of Commercial Law",but to focus on developing a version of the"Commercial Code"with Chinese characteristics.
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