摘要
流体包裹体是矿物晶体生长过程中或生长后被捕获的微小珠滴,可以直接保存有关古流体的物理和化学信息,被广泛应用于矿床学研究.单个流体包裹体激光剥蚀分析能够原位测量流体包裹体中的多种元素组成,是有效检测成矿流体组成的重要分析手段,目前主要有LA-ICP-MS、LIBS和LA-ICP-AES等方法,其中以LA-ICP-MS的优势最为明显.本文对流体包裹体原位分析过程中包裹体选择策略、包裹体剥蚀方法、检测测量方法及其定量计算原理等方面的研究进展进行综述,并认为光谱和质谱的联用分析技术可以有效地提高分析精确度和准确度,是未来单个流体包裹体原位分析应该重点发展的方向.同时,总结了近年来单个流体包裹体成分分析在矿床学研究中的重要应用和贡献,包括成矿流体的来源、成矿元素的迁移和沉淀过程.
Abstract
Fluid inclusions are tiny droplets of liquid trapped within crystals either during their initial growth from a fluid or at a later stage,typically due to recrystallization along healed microfractures.Despite their small size,their chemical compositions and physical properties can be determined,and the data can be used to estimate the temperatures,pressures,and physicochemical characteristics of fluids at the time of entrapment.This information has significantly contributed to the advancement of modern knowledge regarding ore formation,petrogenesis,diagenesis,and the migration and accumulation of petroleum,as well as enhancing our understanding of the crucial role of the fluid phase in a variety of geological processes.In-situ analysis of individual fluid inclusions is the prevailing protocol for analyzing the chemical compositions of entrapped fluids,including LA-ICP-MS,LA-ICP-OES,and LIBS.In this review,we reevaluate current protocols concerning selection strategies,inclusion ablation methods,signal detection,and quantitative calibration principles.We propose that the combined analysis technique of spectroscopy and mass spectrometry is an excellent choice for achieving high precision and accuracy,making it the most powerful protocol for individual fluid inclusion analysis.In addition,this paper reviews the latest applications of fluid inclusions in mineral exploration,focusing on the origins of hydrothermal fluids,transfer and precipitation processes of economic minerals,and chemical evolution of ore-forming fluids.
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