In-situ Analysis of Individual Fluid Inclusions by Laser Ablation Protocols and Its Applications in Mineral Exploration
Fluid inclusions are tiny droplets of liquid trapped within crystals either during their initial growth from a fluid or at a later stage,typically due to recrystallization along healed microfractures.Despite their small size,their chemical compositions and physical properties can be determined,and the data can be used to estimate the temperatures,pressures,and physicochemical characteristics of fluids at the time of entrapment.This information has significantly contributed to the advancement of modern knowledge regarding ore formation,petrogenesis,diagenesis,and the migration and accumulation of petroleum,as well as enhancing our understanding of the crucial role of the fluid phase in a variety of geological processes.In-situ analysis of individual fluid inclusions is the prevailing protocol for analyzing the chemical compositions of entrapped fluids,including LA-ICP-MS,LA-ICP-OES,and LIBS.In this review,we reevaluate current protocols concerning selection strategies,inclusion ablation methods,signal detection,and quantitative calibration principles.We propose that the combined analysis technique of spectroscopy and mass spectrometry is an excellent choice for achieving high precision and accuracy,making it the most powerful protocol for individual fluid inclusion analysis.In addition,this paper reviews the latest applications of fluid inclusions in mineral exploration,focusing on the origins of hydrothermal fluids,transfer and precipitation processes of economic minerals,and chemical evolution of ore-forming fluids.
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