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大初始阻力矩异步电动机的软启动控制

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异步电动机具有结构简单、运行效率高、转动惯量小、动态响应快以及维护工作量小等优点,可以实现节能、提高产品质量和生产效益等目的.静止状态下的异步电动机直接启动时,由于没有形成反电动势,会产生4~8 倍额定电流的冲击电流,不但影响工作在同一电网的其它设备的正常运行,而且会对电机本身及其拖动设备造成不可逆的损伤,因此大容量异步电动机的启动往往采用降压软启动的方式.同时,大容量异步电动机往往具有大的初始阻力矩,若软启动系统的初始触发角给定不合理,则会出现电机堵转、启机时间长等问题,从而影响启机任务.本文针对此种现象提出了对异步电动机短路阻抗、初始触发角的估算方法,当采用电流限幅启动时,可根据不同的限幅要求计算出对应的初始触发角,使得电流能快速上升到给定值,从而克服初始阻力矩快速完成启机任务.
Soft Start Control of Asynchronous Motors with Large Initial Resistance Moment
Asynchronous motors have the advantages of simple structure,high operating efficiency,small moment of inertia,fast dynamic response,and low maintenance workload,which can achieve energy-saving,improve product quality,and production efficiency.When an asynchronous motor is directly started in a stationary state,due to the absence of a back electromotive force,it will generate an impact current of 4-8 times the rated current,which not only affects the normal operation of other equipment working in the same power grid,but also causes irreversible damage to the motor itself and its driving equipment.Therefore,the start-up of large capacity asynchronous motors often adopts a voltage reduction soft start method.At the same time,large capacity asynchronous motors often have large initial resistance moments.If the initial triggering angle of the soft start system is not given reasonably,problems such as motor blockage and long start-up time may occur,which will affect the start-up task.This article proposes an estimation method for the short-circuit impedance and initial triggering angle of asynchronous motors in response to this phenomenon,which can effectively avoid the aforementioned problems.

asynchronous motorsoft startswitch transformerinitial resistance momentinitial trigger angleshort circuit impedance

原晓琦、杨合民、胡静、简优宗

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南瑞集团(国网电力科学研究院)有限公司,南京 211106

国电南瑞科技股份有限公司,南京 211106

国电南瑞南京控制系统有限公司,南京 211106

异步电动机 软启动 开关变压器 初始阻力矩 初始触发角 短路阻抗

2024

大电机技术
哈尔滨大电机研究所

大电机技术

CSTPCD
影响因子:0.329
ISSN:1000-3983
年,卷(期):2024.(6)