This study focuses on health qigong from the health perspective, concentrates on the functional analysis of Mawangdui Daoyin Exercises, and reveals the unique value and potential effects of Mawangdui Daoyin Exercises in the field of fitness qigong through an in-depth and comprehensive investigation of ancient literature, contemporary medical research and actual practice. This paper explores the origin and inheritance vein of Mawangdui Daoyin Exercises, revealing their significant position in the concept of traditional medicine, analyzes their impacts on the human body, uncovering their potential effects in promoting Qi-blood circulation, strengthening physical fitness and balancing physical and mental states in combination with anatomy, physiology and psychology, and summarizes the health changes of modern population in the process of practicing Mawangdui Daoyin Exercises through field investigations and case analysis. Finally, this paper proposes to deepen the analysis of their mechanism in the context of scientific and technological development and lifestyle changes, and clarifies a more systematic and comprehensively-evaluated future research direction in combination with modern medical approaches.