Research on the Mechanisms of Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress to Improve Pulmonary Hypertension by Aerobic Exercise
The 2022 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension has been updated in terms of hemodynamics, reducing the average pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) threshold to 20 mmHg. Pulmonary hypertension is a disease that mainly affects the pulmonary vascular system. In pulmonary hypertension, the pulmonary vascular system undergoes vascular remodeling due to adverse factors and pathological noncompliance due to vascular fibrosis and sclerosis. Vascular cells (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts), inflammatory cells and other cells produce abnormalities in pulmonary hypertension. Although progress has been made in identifying the causes of pulmonary hypertension and approving new drug therapies, the 5-year survival rate of patients remains suboptimal, so there is an urgent need to find new means of intervention. European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension recommend patients with pulmonary hypertension to take appropriate low-intensity exercise, which provides new ideas for the combination of drug and exercise in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. This review will elucidate the molecular mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension from endoplasmic reticulum stress, hypoxia and inflammation, and provide an experimental reference for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary hypertension by aerobic exercise.
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