With the improvement of living standards, sports fitness has become a way of life. Physical fitness is the foundation of all sports, and scientific physical training can not only enhance physical fitness and improve the competitiveness of sports, but also help reduce stress, relax the mind and promote physical and mental health. Physical training needs to apply an appropriate exercise load, it is easy to cause sports injuries if the load is too high, and the training effect is not obvious if the load is too low. In order to improve the effect of physical training, this paper takes physical training as the research object, analyzes load monitoring in physical training by reading literature and consulting relevant materials, understands the significance of load monitoring in physical training and monitoring indicators, and specifically analyzes the load monitoring methods of strength training, speed training and endurance training in physical training. Through research, it has been found that the exercise load can be monitored through internal and external indicators during training, external indicators include the amount of exercise, sports performance and the degree of fatigue, internal indicators include heart rate, blood lactate concentration and blood uric acid, and that exercise load should be monitored according to the actual situation in different types of physical training.