Epidemiological characteristics of epidemic hemorrhagic fever and analysis of host animal surveillance in Longde county from 2018 to 2021
Objective To understand the distribution characteristics of epidemic hemorrhagic fever(EHF)in humans and the infection status in host animals in Longde county of Ningxia from 2018 to 2021,and provide scientific basis for early warning,forecast,prevention and control of humans EHF epidemic.Methods As the requirements of the National Surveillance Program for Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome,the representative villages were selected from where the HFR cases occurred or exposed in the past to carried out the rodent density surveillance,and the distribution of the cases was analyzed with descriptive epidemiological method.Results There were 16 confirmed EHF cases reported,with average annual reported incidence rate of 3.41/100 000,and two cases died during 2018 to 2021.The cases aged from 16 to 60 years accounted for 62.50％.The cases accounted for 87.50％in autumn and winter,and accounted for 68.75％in Yanghe and Guanzhuang townships.The total density of rats was 0.74％,and showed decreasing trend year by year(x2=240.770,P＜0.05).In the wild,the density of rat was significantly higher than in the residential area in autumn(x2=30.797,P=0.001),and the dominant rat species changed from black threaded gopher to the brown house mouse.But the dominant rat was small house mouse in the residential area.Conclusions The incidence rate of EHF was relatively high in Longde county in recent years.In order to prevent and control human outbreaks,it was recommended that the surveillance of human cases and rats should be strengthened,the comprehensive prevention and control measures such as rat control,vaccination,health education and patriotic health campaigns should be implemented,and the early identification and diagnosis capacity of medical personnel should be improved.The vigilance for outbreak and epidemic spreading should be enhanced.
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