摘要
目的 通过了解甘肃省酒泉市某染料制造企业职业病危害现状,提出生产过程中的关键控制点,为企业管理提供依据.方法 采用职业卫生调查法、检查表分析法、职业病危害因素检测,开展调查、分析和评价.结果 该染料制造企业的职业病危害因素包括粉尘(水泥粉尘、活性炭粉尘、电焊烟尘、煤尘)、化学因素(氮氧化物、锰及其化合物、一氧化碳、盐酸、硫酸、二氧化硫、氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、氨、氰化物、甲醇、硝基苯、硫化氢)、物理因素(噪声、工频电场、高温、照度)等,均满足国家职业卫生标准;但水泥粉尘、噪声和一氧化碳存在远期健康风险.结论 该企业的主要职业病危害因素为水泥粉尘、噪声和一氧化碳;该企业防护设施齐全,防护措施得当,但未针对主要职业病危害因素组织员工开展职业健康体检,应进一步完善监测预警、加强职业健康监护.
Abstract
Objective To understand the current situation of occupational hazards in a dye manufacturing enterprise in Jiuquan city of Gansu province,put forward the critical control points in the production process,so as to provide basis for enterprise management.Methods The occupational health survey method,check list analysis method and detection of occupational hazard factors were used for survey,analysis and evaluation.Results The occupational hazard factors in the dye manufacturing enterprise were dust(cement dust,activated carbon dust,welding dust,coal dust),chemical factors(nitrogen oxides,manganese and its compounds,carbon monoxide,hydrochloric acid,sulfuric acid,sulfur dioxide,sodium hydroxide,sodium carbonate,ammonia,cyanide,methanol,nitrobenzene,hydrogen sulfide),physical factors(noise,power frequency electric field,high temperature,illumination),etc.,and met the national occupational health standards.But cement dust,noise and carbon monoxide pose long-term health risks.Conclusions The main occupational hazard factors were cement dust,noise and carbon monoxide in this enterprise.The protective facilities are complete,and the protective measures are appropriate.But the physical examination of employees is not carried out according to the key occupational hazard factors.The monitoring and early warning should be improved,and the occupational health monitoring should be strengthened.
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